Solubility controlled noble gas fractionation during magmatic degassing: Implications for noble gas compositions of primary melts of OIB and MORB     

Junji Yamamoto  Pete G. Burnard 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(3):727-734

Noble gas abundances in basaltic glasses from ocean islands (OIBs) are generally lower than those of mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORBs), contrary to most geodynamic models which usually require that the source of OIBs is less degassed (resulting in higher primordial noble gas abundances) and more trace element enriched (resulting in higher radiogenic noble gas abundances) than the MORB source. Therefore, noble gas abundances in OIBs are often thought to have been reduced by extensive gas loss from the magma before eruption.The extent of magmatic degassing can be tested as it will cause characteristic changes in the composition of the volatiles; notably the ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* ratio (where ⁴⁰Ar* is ⁴⁰Ar corrected for atmospheric contamination) will increase in residual volatiles due to the higher solubility of He relative to Ar. The degree of He-Ar fractionation for a given fraction of gas loss depends on the ratio of the solubilities, S_He/S_Ar, which is sensitive to (among other things) the CO₂ and H₂O content of the basalt at the time of degassing.From a global database of OIB and MORB glasses, we show that ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* ratios of MORB glasses are broadly consistent with degassing of a magma with an initial ⁴⁰Ar of ≈1.5 × 10⁻⁵ ccSTP/g, i.e., similar to that of the “popping rock.” However, OIB glasses generally have lower ⁴⁰Ar* concentration for a given ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar*. While this would appear to require lower ⁴⁰Ar* abundances in the undegassed OIB magmas, the higher volatile contents of OIBs will reduce S_He/S_Ar (relative to MORBs) during degassing. By modeling S_He/S_Ar in OIBs, it is possible to show that extensive degassing of OIBs can occur without dramatically increasing the ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* ratio. We show that undegassed ⁴⁰Ar concentrations of OIB magmas were probably similar to those of MORBs.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and origin of Archean volcanic rocks from the Upper Keewatin assemblage (ca 2.7 Ga), Lake of the Woods Greenstone Belt, Western Wabigoon Subprovince, Superior Province, Canada     

Osamu  Ujike  Alan M.  Goodwin  Tomoyuki  Shibata 《Island Arc》2007,16(1):191-208

Abstract   Volcanic rocks from the Upper Keewatin assemblage ( ca 2720 Ma) were geochemically classified into five groups; komatiites, tholeiitic rocks having near-flat primitive mantle-normalized abundance patterns, Nb-enriched basalts and andesites (NEBA) plus normal calc-alkaline (NCA) rocks, adakites and shoshonites. The adakites having [La/Yb]_N >30 and <30 were probably derived from felsic magmas formed by partial melting of a subducted slab at relatively greater and smaller depths, respectively. Ascending adakite magmas, by interaction with the overlying mantle wedge, decreased in Al₂O₃ / Y ratio and selectively lost high-field strength elements, thereby forming mantle sources for both NEBA + NCA and shoshonite magmas. Under the influence of a mantle plume, the source of komatiites, the NEBA + NCA magmas were generated from that part of the mantle wedge metasomatized by adakite magmas having [La / Yb]_N <30, and tholeiitic magmas from unmetasomatized part of the same mantle wedge. Magmas of both adakites having [La / Yb]_N >30 and shoshonites were generated in a normal Archean Arc system setting.  相似文献   

汾渭平原典型城乡PM_2.5中多环芳烃特征与健康风险     

蔡瑞婷  肖舜  董治宝  曹军骥  张宁宁  刘随心  沈振兴  徐红梅  陶燕  李星敏  王鑫  王雨萌 《地理学报》2021,76(3):740-752

为查明汾渭平原典型城乡地区重度污染天气PM_2.5中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染特征及其人群健康效应,本文于2018—2019年冬季分别选取西安和陇县作为城乡对比参照点,采集了重度污染天气PM_2.5颗粒态气溶胶样品。利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪（GC-MS）检测样品中具有“三致效应”的15种PAHs含量及组分特征,使用特征比值法及主成分法进行PAHs源解析,并分析了气象因素对PAHs质量浓度的可能影响,通过对苯并芘（BaP）等效毒性浓度和终生超额致癌风险度（ILCR）的计算,对人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明：西安与陇县在重度污染天气条件下PM_2.5中15种PAHs总平均质量浓度分别为243.78 ng/m³、609.39 ng/m³,其中4~6环PAHs占比最高;且PAHs浓度与气温、气压及风速呈显著负相关,与相对湿度则无明显相关性。西安PAHs污染主要来自燃烧源与交通排放源,而煤炭及生物质燃烧是造成陇县PAHs质量浓度偏高的主要原因。健康风险评估结果显示,重污染天气下陇县人群通过呼吸引发的致癌风险要高于西安,女性致癌风险高于男性,成人致癌风险高于儿童,且两地区成人ILCR值均超过风险阈值,存在潜在致癌风险,儿童则无明显致癌风险。  相似文献   

地壳表层砷的循环与污染地下水模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高存荣  冯翠娥  刘文波  赤井纯治  久保田喜裕  小林巌雄 《地球学报》2014,35(6):741-750

为了更好地监测和预测地下水砷污染,揭示由自然原因引起的地下水砷污染规律和机制,通过多年来对内蒙古河套平原地下水砷污染的调查研究,在充分了解和掌握砷的化学与地球化学性质以及世界各国地下水砷污染状况与分布特征的基础上,总结了砷在自然环境中的分布和污染地下水的机理。文章阐述了4种地下水砷污染类型的形成机理,并提出了地壳表层砷的循环与污染地下水模式,通过该模式在基本掌握某一地区地质环境背景的情况下,可以初步预测其可能发生地下水砷污染的地段。地下水砷污染是砷在地壳表层循环过程中发生的一种环境水文地球化学现象,污染区的分布与特定的地质、地理背景和环境条件有关。在还原解吸污染类型中,封闭的环境、硫元素和有机碳的存在是地层中砷溶出的主要控制因素。今后应加强对封闭的冲积或湖积平原、河流入湖或入海三角洲等地区地下水砷污染的调查与监测。  相似文献   

Reservoir Porosity Measurement Uncertainty and its Influence on Shale Gas Resource Assessment     

TIAN Hu  ZOU Caineng  LIU Shaobo  HONG Feng  FAN Junji  GUI Lili  HAO Jiaqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):233-242

Reservoir porosity is a critical parameter for the process of unconventional oil and gas resources assessment. It is difficult to determine the porosity of a gas shale reservoir, and any large deviation will directly reduce the credibility of any shale gas resources evaluation. However, there is no quantitative explanation for the accuracy of porosity measurement. In this paper, measurement uncertainty, an internationally recognized index, was used to evaluate the results of porosity measurement of gas shale plugs, and its impact on the credibility of shale gas resources assessment was determined. The following conclusions are drawn:(1) the measurement uncertainty of porosity of a shale plug is 1.76%–3.12% using current measurement methods, the upper end of which is too large to be acceptable. It is suggested that the measurement uncertainty should be factored into the standard helium gas injection porosity determination experiment, and the uncertainty should be less than 2.00% when using a high-precision pressure gauge;(2) in order to reduce the risk for exploration and decision-making, attention should be paid to the large uncertainty(30% at least) of shale gas resource assessment results, sometimes with corrections being made based on the practical considerations;(3) a pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.25% of the full scal cannot meet the requirements of porosity measurement, and a high-precision plug cutting method or high-precision bulk volume measurement method such as one using 3 D scanning, is recommended to effectively reduce porosity uncertainty;(4) the method and process for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of gas shale porosity could also be referred for assessment of experimental quality by other laboratories.  相似文献   

Dynamic non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete shear wall by finite element method with explicit analytical procedure     

Norio Inoue  Kejian Yang  Akenori Shibata 《地震工程与结构动力学》1997,26(9):967-986

A numerical procedure for a dynamic non-linear finite element analysis is proposed here to analyse three-dimensional reinforced concrete shear wall structures subjected to earthquake motions. A shear wall is modelled as a quasi-three dimensional structure which is composed of plane elements considering the in-plane stiffness of orthogonal flange panels. The proposed constitutive model is based on the non-linearity of reinforcement and concrete in which the tension stiffening in tension and the degradation of stiffness and strength in compression of concrete after cracking are considered. The acceleration-pulse method, which is a kind of explicit analytical procedure, is employed to solve the non-linear dynamic equations, where the dynamic equation can be solved without stiffness matrix and so the iterative procedure is not necessary for descending portion of stress–strain relationship caused by cracking and softening after compressive strength in concrete. The damping effect is considered by assuming equivalent viscous damping which can give good cyclic behaviours of inertia force vs. displacement relationships. This analytical method was applied to a test specimen of a reinforced concrete shear wall with a H-shaped section which was vibrated up to failure by using a large-scale shaking table with high -performance in Japan. The test was performed as one of the dynamic model tests for evaluation of seismic behaviour of nuclear reactor buildings. The calculations were performed sequentially from the elastic range to failure. The comparison with the test results shows that this approach has good accuracy. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献